Hydrologic modeling - Revision history

JeffreyJLukas: /* Additional resources */

2024-10-21T21:58:22Z

Additional resources

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 21 October 2024
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	==Additional resources==		==Additional resources==

	===State of the Science ~~Report~~===		===[https://wwa.colorado.edu/resources/colorado-river-resources/CRBreport Colorado River Basin Climate and Hydrology: State of the Science report]===

	[https://wwa.colorado.edu/sites/default/files/2021-06/ColoRiver_StateOfScience_WWA_2020_Chapter_6.pdf Chapter 6](Hydrologic Models) of the State of the Science report provides expanded descriptions of hydrologic hydrologic modeling relevant to the Basin, including key models, calibration techniques, and model applications.		[https://wwa.colorado.edu/sites/default/files/2021-06/ColoRiver_StateOfScience_WWA_2020_Chapter_6.pdf Chapter 6](Hydrologic Models) of the State of the Science report provides expanded descriptions of hydrologic hydrologic modeling relevant to the Basin, including key models, calibration techniques, and model applications.

JeffreyJLukas at 20:56, 18 October 2023

2023-10-18T20:56:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:56, 18 October 2023
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	==Overview==		==Overview==
	[[File:ConceptualFlowSacSMA.png\|thumb\|700px\|Figure 1. Conceptual flow diagram of the Sac-SMA model and a schematic representation of model output. (Source: adapted from NOAA NWS 2002); Figure 6.3, State of the Science Report (Lukas and Payton 2020)]]		[[File:ConceptualFlowSacSMA.png\|thumb\|700px\|Figure 1. Conceptual flow diagram of the Sac-SMA model and a schematic representation of model output. (Source: adapted from NOAA NWS 2002); Figure 6.3, State of the Science Report (Lukas and Payton 2020)]]

	Hydrologic models are widely used in the Colorado River Basin to study various aspects of hydrological processes and response (e.g., how runoff responds to wildfire, or climate change); for operational streamflow forecasting; and, coupled with other models, to generate hydrologic scenarios for planning exercises.

	~~==Relevance==~~

	Hydrologic models are computer-based simulators used to characterize the likely behavior of real watersheds under user-specified conditions and inputs (e.g., current snowpack and soil moisture, future weather and climate, vegetation change). These models generally include meteorological inputs (e.g., precipitation and temperature), governing equations and physical laws, and model structure, such as the connectivity of watershed components such as tree canopy, snowpack, and subsurface water storage and flow.		Hydrologic models are computer-based simulators used to characterize the likely behavior of real watersheds under user-specified conditions and inputs (e.g., current snowpack and soil moisture, future weather and climate, vegetation change). These models generally include meteorological inputs (e.g., precipitation and temperature), governing equations and physical laws, and model structure, such as the connectivity of watershed components such as tree canopy, snowpack, and subsurface water storage and flow.
	While all of these components are generally present in hydrologic models, there are large differences among models in how these components are represented, the ways in which runoff is calculated, and the spatial extent and resolution of the catchment areas in the model. There is no one approach or level of complexity that is optimal for all applications of hydrologic models.		While all of these components are generally present in hydrologic models, there are large differences among models in how these components are represented, the ways in which runoff is calculated, and the spatial extent and resolution of the catchment areas in the model. There is no one approach or level of complexity that is optimal for all applications of hydrologic models.

	Hydrologic models can be broadly categorized into ''conceptual models'' and ''physical (or dynamical) models'', although in reality there is more ~~like~~ a continuum. Conceptual models tend to have simple representations of watershed attributes and processes. The linkages between components are typically controlled by adjustable ''parameters'' whose values may be derived from observations, or deduced through calibration of the model. Physical models tend to be more complex, and spatial and temporal variations in watershed characteristics are more robustly incorporated, leading to a model that more closely reflects the physical workings of the actual watershed. That said, a simpler model can be better suited for forecasting than a more complex model.		Hydrologic models are widely used in the Colorado River Basin to study various aspects of hydrological processes and response (e.g., how runoff responds to wildfire, or climate change); for operational streamflow forecasting; and, coupled with other models, to generate hydrologic scenarios for long-term planning.

			Hydrologic models can be broadly categorized into ''conceptual models'' and ''physical (or dynamical) models'', although in reality there is more of a continuum. Conceptual models tend to have simple representations of watershed attributes and processes. The linkages between components are typically controlled by adjustable ''parameters'' whose values may be derived from observations, or deduced through calibration of the model. Physical models tend to be more complex, and spatial and temporal variations in watershed characteristics are more robustly incorporated, leading to a model that more closely reflects the physical workings of the actual watershed. That said, a simpler model can be better suited for forecasting than a more complex model.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

JeffreyJLukas: /* SNOW-17 */

2023-09-13T19:53:04Z

SNOW-17

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 13 September 2023
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	====[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/22snow17.pdf SNOW-17]====		====[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/22snow17.pdf SNOW-17]====
	SNOW-17 is a ~~conceptual~~ model ~~simulating~~ snowpack accumulation and ablation ~~that~~ is ~~most often~~ run as a module paired with Sac-SMA, to add snowpack processes to Sac-SMA, such as for NOAA CBRFC’s forecasts. The input parameters include precipitation and temperature; precipitation is characterized as rain or snow depending on the temperature. NOAA has current [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/snow17 Snow-17 Fortran code]; the R code for Sac-SMA linked above includes SNOW-17 as a module.		SNOW-17 is a temperature-index model that uses precipitation, temperature, and the freezing level to simulate snowpack accumulation and ablation. It is typically run as a module paired with Sac-SMA, to add snowpack processes to Sac-SMA, such as for NOAA CBRFC’s forecasts. The input parameters include precipitation and temperature; precipitation is characterized as rain or snow depending on the temperature. NOAA has current [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/snow17 Snow-17 Fortran code]; the R code for Sac-SMA linked above includes SNOW-17 as a module.

	===[https://vic.readthedocs.io/en/master/ Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model (University of Washington)]===		===[https://vic.readthedocs.io/en/master/ Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model (University of Washington)]===

JeffreyJLukas at 15:21, 13 September 2023

2023-09-13T15:21:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:21, 13 September 2023
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	===[https://ral.ucar.edu/model/summa Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) (NCAR)]===		===[https://ral.ucar.edu/model/summa Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) (NCAR)]===
	SUMMA is a hydrologic modeling approach that is built on a common set of physical equations and a common numerical solver, which together constitute the structural core of the model. Different modeling options can then be implemented within the structural core. The main page linked above provides access to the Fortran code and documentation for running SUMMA.		SUMMA is a hydrologic modeling approach that is built on a common set of physical equations and a common numerical solver, which together constitute the structural core of the model. Different modeling options can then be implemented within the structural core. The main page linked above provides access to the Fortran code and documentation for running SUMMA.
			</onlyinclude>
	==Additional resources==		==Additional resources==

JeffreyJLukas: /* NOAA Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (Sac-SMA) Model */

2023-09-13T15:16:49Z

NOAA Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (Sac-SMA) Model

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:16, 13 September 2023
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	Sac-SMA is the primary model used for operational streamflow forecasting by the NOAA Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) and the other NOAA RFCs. Sac-SMA represents soil moisture and storage characteristics to effectively simulate streamflow. The Sac-SMA model is available in a number of coding languages, including [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/sac-sma Fortran], [https://github.com/sungwookwi/SAC-SMA MATLAB], and [https://github.com/tanerumit/sacsmaR R]. Sac-SMA is used in [https://www.cbrfc.noaa.gov/wsup/sac_sm/cbrfc_sacsma_101_20140731.pdf NOAA CBRFC forecasts].		Sac-SMA is the primary model used for operational streamflow forecasting by the NOAA Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) and the other NOAA RFCs. Sac-SMA represents soil moisture and storage characteristics to effectively simulate streamflow. The Sac-SMA model is available in a number of coding languages, including [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/sac-sma Fortran], [https://github.com/sungwookwi/SAC-SMA MATLAB], and [https://github.com/tanerumit/sacsmaR R]. Sac-SMA is used in [https://www.cbrfc.noaa.gov/wsup/sac_sm/cbrfc_sacsma_101_20140731.pdf NOAA CBRFC forecasts].

	[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/22snow17.pdf SNOW-17]~~. A~~ conceptual model simulating snowpack accumulation and ablation that is most often run as a module paired with Sac-SMA, to add snowpack processes to Sac-SMA, such as for NOAA CBRFC’s forecasts. The input parameters include precipitation and temperature; precipitation is characterized as rain or snow depending on the temperature. NOAA as current [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/snow17 Snow-17 Fortran code]; the R code for Sac-SMA linked above includes SNOW-17 as a module.		====[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/22snow17.pdf SNOW-17]====
			SNOW-17 is a conceptual model simulating snowpack accumulation and ablation that is most often run as a module paired with Sac-SMA, to add snowpack processes to Sac-SMA, such as for NOAA CBRFC’s forecasts. The input parameters include precipitation and temperature; precipitation is characterized as rain or snow depending on the temperature. NOAA has current [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/snow17 Snow-17 Fortran code]; the R code for Sac-SMA linked above includes SNOW-17 as a module.

	===[https://vic.readthedocs.io/en/master/ Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model (University of Washington)]===		===[https://vic.readthedocs.io/en/master/ Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model (University of Washington)]===

JeffreyJLukas: /* [https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/23sacsma.pdf NOAA Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (Sac-SMA) Model */

2023-09-13T15:14:13Z

[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/23sacsma.pdf NOAA Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (Sac-SMA) Model

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:14, 13 September 2023
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	Key hydrologic models used for research and/or operational applications in the Colorado River Basin:		Key hydrologic models used for research and/or operational applications in the Colorado River Basin:
	<onlyinclude>		<onlyinclude>
	===[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/23sacsma.pdf NOAA Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (Sac-SMA) Model===		===[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/23sacsma.pdf NOAA Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (Sac-SMA) Model]===
	Sac-SMA is the primary model used for operational streamflow forecasting by the NOAA Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) and the other NOAA RFCs. Sac-SMA represents soil moisture and storage characteristics to effectively simulate streamflow. The Sac-SMA model is available in a number of coding languages, including [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/sac-sma Fortran], [https://github.com/sungwookwi/SAC-SMA MATLAB], and [https://github.com/tanerumit/sacsmaR R]. Sac-SMA is used in [https://www.cbrfc.noaa.gov/wsup/sac_sm/cbrfc_sacsma_101_20140731.pdf NOAA CBRFC forecasts].		Sac-SMA is the primary model used for operational streamflow forecasting by the NOAA Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) and the other NOAA RFCs. Sac-SMA represents soil moisture and storage characteristics to effectively simulate streamflow. The Sac-SMA model is available in a number of coding languages, including [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/sac-sma Fortran], [https://github.com/sungwookwi/SAC-SMA MATLAB], and [https://github.com/tanerumit/sacsmaR R]. Sac-SMA is used in [https://www.cbrfc.noaa.gov/wsup/sac_sm/cbrfc_sacsma_101_20140731.pdf NOAA CBRFC forecasts].

	[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/22snow17.pdf SNOW-17]. A conceptual model simulating snowpack accumulation and ablation that is most often run as a module paired with Sac-SMA, to add snowpack processes to Sac-SMA, such as for NOAA CBRFC’s forecasts. The input parameters include precipitation and temperature; precipitation is characterized as rain or snow depending on the temperature. NOAA as current [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/snow17 Snow-17 Fortran code]; the R code for Sac-SMA linked above includes SNOW-17 as a module.		[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/22snow17.pdf SNOW-17]. A conceptual model simulating snowpack accumulation and ablation that is most often run as a module paired with Sac-SMA, to add snowpack processes to Sac-SMA, such as for NOAA CBRFC’s forecasts. The input parameters include precipitation and temperature; precipitation is characterized as rain or snow depending on the temperature. NOAA as current [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/snow17 Snow-17 Fortran code]; the R code for Sac-SMA linked above includes SNOW-17 as a module.

	===[https://vic.readthedocs.io/en/master/ Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model (University of Washington)]===		===[https://vic.readthedocs.io/en/master/ Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model (University of Washington)]===

JeffreyJLukas: /* Data and tools */

2023-09-13T15:13:55Z

Data and tools

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:13, 13 September 2023
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	Key hydrologic models used for research and/or operational applications in the Colorado River Basin:		Key hydrologic models used for research and/or operational applications in the Colorado River Basin:
	<onlyinclude>		<onlyinclude>
	~~===Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Model (NOAA)===~~		===[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/23sacsma.pdf NOAA Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (Sac-SMA) Model===
	====[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/23sacsma.pdf Sac-SMA ~~(NOAA~~)]====
	Sac-SMA is the primary model used for operational streamflow forecasting by the NOAA Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) and the other NOAA RFCs. Sac-SMA represents soil moisture and storage characteristics to effectively simulate streamflow. The Sac-SMA model is available in a number of coding languages, including [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/sac-sma Fortran], [https://github.com/sungwookwi/SAC-SMA MATLAB], and [https://github.com/tanerumit/sacsmaR R]. Sac-SMA is used in [https://www.cbrfc.noaa.gov/wsup/sac_sm/cbrfc_sacsma_101_20140731.pdf NOAA CBRFC forecasts].		Sac-SMA is the primary model used for operational streamflow forecasting by the NOAA Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) and the other NOAA RFCs. Sac-SMA represents soil moisture and storage characteristics to effectively simulate streamflow. The Sac-SMA model is available in a number of coding languages, including [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/sac-sma Fortran], [https://github.com/sungwookwi/SAC-SMA MATLAB], and [https://github.com/tanerumit/sacsmaR R]. Sac-SMA is used in [https://www.cbrfc.noaa.gov/wsup/sac_sm/cbrfc_sacsma_101_20140731.pdf NOAA CBRFC forecasts].

	[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/22snow17.pdf SNOW-17]. A conceptual model simulating snowpack accumulation and ablation that is most often run as a module paired with Sac-SMA, to add snowpack processes to Sac-SMA, such as for NOAA CBRFC’s forecasts. The input parameters include precipitation and temperature; precipitation is characterized as rain or snow depending on the temperature. NOAA as current [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/snow17 Snow-17 Fortran code]; the R code for Sac-SMA linked above includes SNOW-17 as a module.		[https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hrl/docs/22snow17.pdf SNOW-17]. A conceptual model simulating snowpack accumulation and ablation that is most often run as a module paired with Sac-SMA, to add snowpack processes to Sac-SMA, such as for NOAA CBRFC’s forecasts. The input parameters include precipitation and temperature; precipitation is characterized as rain or snow depending on the temperature. NOAA as current [https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/snow17 Snow-17 Fortran code]; the R code for Sac-SMA linked above includes SNOW-17 as a module.

	~~===Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model (University of Washington)===~~		===[https://vic.readthedocs.io/en/master/ Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model (University of Washington)]===
	====[https://vic.readthedocs.io/en/master/ VIC (University of Washington)]====
	VIC is a grid-based land-surface model (LSM) that solves the energy balance and water balance at the surface and subsurface using physical equations. VIC is open-source and is currently on its fifth major version; development and maintenance of the ‘official’ version of VIC is led by the Computational Hydrology Group in Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Washington. The main page linked above provides access to code and documentation for running VIC on multiple platforms.		VIC is a grid-based land-surface model (LSM) that solves the energy balance and water balance at the surface and subsurface using physical equations. VIC is open-source and is currently on its fifth major version; development and maintenance of the ‘official’ version of VIC is led by the Computational Hydrology Group in Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Washington. The main page linked above provides access to code and documentation for running VIC on multiple platforms.

	~~===Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) (NCAR)===~~		===[https://ral.ucar.edu/model/summa Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) (NCAR)]===
	====[https://ral.ucar.edu/model/summa SUMMA (NCAR)]====
	SUMMA is a hydrologic modeling approach that is built on a common set of physical equations and a common numerical solver, which together constitute the structural core of the model. Different modeling options can then be implemented within the structural core. The main page linked above provides access to the Fortran code and documentation for running SUMMA.		SUMMA is a hydrologic modeling approach that is built on a common set of physical equations and a common numerical solver, which together constitute the structural core of the model. Different modeling options can then be implemented within the structural core. The main page linked above provides access to the Fortran code and documentation for running SUMMA.

TanyaPetach at 17:45, 23 August 2023

2023-08-23T17:45:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 23 August 2023
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	==Overview==		==Overview==
	[[File:~~UCRB_April1SWEvsRunoff~~.png\|thumb\|700px\|Figure 1. ~~Colorado River Basin modeled average April 1st snow~~-~~water equivalent (SWE; left)~~ and ~~modeled average annual runoff (right). Note that areas producing >1"~~ of ~~runoff closely coincide with those that have a consistent April 1st snowpack~~. ~~Maps~~: Figure 2.3, State of the Science Report (Lukas and Payton 2020)~~; data: Livneh et al. 2013~~]]		[[File:ConceptualFlowSacSMA.png\|thumb\|700px\|Figure 1. Conceptual flow diagram of the Sac-SMA model and a schematic representation of model output. (Source: adapted from NOAA NWS 2002); Figure 6.3, State of the Science Report (Lukas and Payton 2020)]]

	Hydrologic models are widely used in the Colorado River Basin to study various aspects of hydrological processes and response (e.g., how runoff responds to wildfire, or climate change); for operational streamflow forecasting; and, coupled with other models, to generate hydrologic scenarios for planning exercises.		Hydrologic models are widely used in the Colorado River Basin to study various aspects of hydrological processes and response (e.g., how runoff responds to wildfire, or climate change); for operational streamflow forecasting; and, coupled with other models, to generate hydrologic scenarios for planning exercises.

TanyaPetach at 17:42, 23 August 2023

2023-08-23T17:42:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:42, 23 August 2023
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	\|+ align="bottom" style="caption-side: bottom; text-align: left;"\| Table 1. Summary of characteristics of three general classes of hydrologic models. Modified from Table 6.1 in Colorado River Basin Climate and Hydrology: State of the Science (Lukas and Payton, 2020)		\|+ align="bottom" style="caption-side: bottom; text-align: left;"\| Table 1. Summary of characteristics of three general classes of hydrologic models. Modified from Table 6.1 in Colorado River Basin Climate and Hydrology: State of the Science (Lukas and Payton, 2020)
	\|}		\|}
	~~Table 1. Summary of characteristics of three general classes of hydrologic models. Modified from Table 6.1 in Colorado River Basin Climate and Hydrology: State of the Science (Lukas and Payton, 2020)~~

	==Data and tools==		==Data and tools==

TanyaPetach at 17:41, 23 August 2023

2023-08-23T17:41:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:41, 23 August 2023
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	\|+ align="bottom" style="caption-side: bottom; text-align: left;"\| Table 1. Summary of characteristics of three general classes of hydrologic models. Modified from Table 6.1 in Colorado River Basin Climate and Hydrology: State of the Science (Lukas and Payton, 2020)		\|+ align="bottom" style="caption-side: bottom; text-align: left;"\| Table 1. Summary of characteristics of three general classes of hydrologic models. Modified from Table 6.1 in Colorado River Basin Climate and Hydrology: State of the Science (Lukas and Payton, 2020)
	\|}		\|}
			Table 1. Summary of characteristics of three general classes of hydrologic models. Modified from Table 6.1 in Colorado River Basin Climate and Hydrology: State of the Science (Lukas and Payton, 2020)

	==Data and tools==		==Data and tools==